要寫出漂亮的英文句子,首先且至關重要的一點就是簡潔。一般來說,只有在強調或修飾句子時,才能重復使用某個或某些意義相近的單詞和短語,否則句子就會顯得啰嗦、冗余,應當“刪繁就簡”。許多人將簡潔與簡短混為一談,其實兩者有天壤之別:簡潔是指簡明扼要,沒有多余的內容;簡短則是指文字篇幅短、字數少。所以在刪繁就簡的過程中,不能只是一味追求簡短,只要某個英文單詞確實能起到一定的作用,它就應該留在句中。試比較以下幾組句子,體會修改前后的效果差異。 例句點評Wordy: Liu Bin is employed at a T.V. station working as a news reporter.Better: ① Liu Bin works at a T.V. station as a news reporter.② Liu Bin is a news reporter at a T.V. station.③ Liu Bin is a T.V. news reporter.評析原句中的is employed為被動語態,且與working as意義重復,可進行合并。一般情況下,主動語態表意更為直接和清晰,因此這里使用主動語態更好,具體修改見句①。如果調整語序,先表明“a news reporter”的身份,則可以省去動詞work,使句 子進一步簡化,詳見句②。進一步看,“at a T.V. station (在電視臺工作)”和“as a news reporter (做新聞記者)”在意思上還有重合的部分,可進一步“刪繁就簡”,合并為“a T.V. news reporter”,詳見句③。 Wordy: Sun Hong is determined in her mind to lose weight.Better: Sun Hong is determined to lose weight.評析原句中的determine一詞本身已經有“下定決心”的意思,不需要再加in hermind。類似的還有postpone our meeting until later,postpone一詞本身就有“延后”的意思,不需要再加until later。還有在句子“My car is a foreign import, not home-made.”中, import一詞表示“進口,引進”,那么肯定是從國外引進,所以這個詞本身已經包含了 foreign的意思,故改為“My car is an import, not home-made.” Wordy: This book will help you master the basic elements of good writing.Better: This book will help you master the basics of good writing.評析同上組例句一樣,原句中的問題在于basic elements這兩個詞意義有重合之處,直接簡化為basics即可,類似的還有fundamental principles和essential components,可分別改 為名詞fundamentals和essentials。 刪繁就簡的技巧看完上述句子修改前后的對比,相信大家都體會到了句子簡化之后的妙處。但是“化繁為簡”具體該如何操作呢?下面筆者就為大家介紹幾種常見的技巧。 01用介詞(短語)替代從句很多情況下,一個簡單的介詞往往比一個從句顯得更簡潔、有力。學會恰當使用介詞是將句子化繁為簡的最實用技巧之一。Wordy: While they were playing tennis, she started an argument that lasted all morning.Better: During tennis, she started an argument that lasted all morning.評析原句中的從句while they were playing tennis意為“打網球的時候”,while doing sth.可直接用表示“……期間”的介詞during代替。依此類推,when引導的時間狀語從句也可用介詞during來代替,如when/while they were negotiating均可改為during negotiation。02用過去分詞形式替代從句一般情況下,“which/that + be動詞”引導的定語從句通常都能簡化為過去分詞形式,使句子更簡潔。 Wordy: The novel, which is written in three parts, told a story that is set in the Middle Ages.Better: ① Written in three parts, the novel told a story set in the Middle Ages.② The three-part novel told a story set in the MiddleAges.評析原句中的定語從句which is written in three parts可直接用過去分詞形式written in three parts替換,詳見句①。如果想進一步簡化句子,可直接用three-part替換written in three parts,作novel的前置修飾語,詳見句②。另外,that is set也可以用set的過去分詞替代。