裸官

裸官并不是指赤身裸體被人拍“艷照”的官員，相反，他們大多衣冠楚楚、冠冕堂皇。之所以被稱作“裸官”，是因?yàn)樗麄儗⒆约旱钠拮印号家凭訃?guó)外，自己孤身一人留在國(guó)內(nèi)做官，就好比一個(gè)人身上沒(méi)有衣服，裸官身邊沒(méi)有妻子兒女，故稱“裸”。裸官的好處在于貪污受賄時(shí)無(wú)所牽掛、無(wú)所顧忌，隨時(shí)可將腐敗所得轉(zhuǎn)移出境，萬(wàn)一惡行敗露，也可腳底抹油，溜之大吉。因此，裸官是政府預(yù)防官員腐敗的重點(diǎn)對(duì)象。隨著越來(lái)越多的裸官被抓，中國(guó)的裸官現(xiàn)象也引起了西方媒體的注意，紛紛報(bào)道中國(guó)政府對(duì)裸官的打擊。有趣的是，這些媒體不約而同地對(duì)“裸官”一詞采用了直譯加解釋的方法，以保留漢語(yǔ)詞義的原汁原味。比如：

What’s a “naked official” in China? … a “naked official” has nothing to do with porn. It means a crooked functionary who’s sent his family and his assets abroad—assets that people assume were misappropriated largely from public funds. (www.thedailybeast.com)

“Naked officials” refers to civil servants who have sent their families overseas allegedly with their ill-gotten assets. Moving money and family abroad is often seen as a precursor to officials’ own flight. (CNN)

這種直譯加解釋的翻譯方法，既能保留“裸官”一詞的隱喻特征，又能使英語(yǔ)讀者準(zhǔn)確理解其含義，不失為一種理想的處理方法。

裸退

“裸退”也是和官員有關(guān)的一個(gè)詞，指官員退休后不再擔(dān)任官方、半官方乃至企業(yè)、民間機(jī)構(gòu)或群眾組織的任何職務(wù)，連顧問(wèn)等名譽(yù)職務(wù)也不擔(dān)任。第一個(gè)使用這個(gè)詞的據(jù)說(shuō)是前國(guó)務(wù)院副總理吳儀，她在2007年宣布自己將完全退休，不再擔(dān)任任何職務(wù)時(shí)，使用了“裸退”一詞。這種裸退實(shí)際上是一種complete or thorough retirement。按照直譯加解釋的翻譯方法 ，可將該詞翻譯為：

Naked retirement has nothing to do with nakedness. When people have naked retirement, they really retire, rather than take all sorts of honorary positions or consultancy posts. 

裸辭

裸辭和裸退異曲同工。裸辭是指還沒(méi)有找到新的工作就辭職，說(shuō)走就走，就是這么任性和灑脫。該詞于2010年底榮登中國(guó)流行詞榜首，成為在年輕白領(lǐng)中流傳最廣、最快的詞匯，也是職場(chǎng)第一大熱詞。Littler網(wǎng)站對(duì)它作了如下描述：

The “naked” resignation—quitting without having new employment lined up—is a growing trend in China, according to China Daily. One headhunter reported that between 30%~40% of his candidates had resigned “naked.” The trend signals a change in cultural attitudes toward employment among the country’s younger workers, who are more frequently valuing personal satisfaction over compensation.

美國(guó)在線詞典Urban Dictionary也已將該詞條收錄，解釋如下：

Naked resignation: quitting one’s current job before getting the next one.

A: I quit my shitty job yesterday.

B: Oh, you got another one?

A: Nope, it was a naked resignation.

B: Man, you’ve got balls (你真有勇氣)!

裸婚

裸婚是指不買房、不買車、不辦婚禮甚至沒(méi)有婚戒而直接領(lǐng)證結(jié)婚的一種簡(jiǎn)樸的結(jié)婚方式，是2008年最流行的網(wǎng)絡(luò)新詞。裸婚是已到了成家立業(yè)年齡的人們?cè)?ldquo;無(wú)房、無(wú)車、無(wú)存款”條件下的無(wú)奈之舉。這里的裸婚和西方的naked wedding (裸體婚禮)顯然不是一回事，也不能譯作naked wedding，因?yàn)樗赡芨揪蜎](méi)有wedding ceremony。它實(shí)際上指的是一種婚姻現(xiàn)象或狀態(tài)，故可用naked marriage翻譯之。比如《基督科學(xué)箴言報(bào)》(Christian Science Monitor)對(duì)它的介紹：

“Naked marriage” refers to couples getting hitched even though the groom brings no apartment or car to the relationship, as is traditional … Naked marriage is a rising phenomenon, especially in big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai where property prices have risen nearly fivefold in the past decade.

維基百科專門(mén)有一詞條介紹中國(guó)裸婚的情況：

Naked Marriage (Chinese: 裸婚), a newly developed concept derived from the Internet in 2008, serves as a description of the increasingly prevalent form of marriage popular among people born after the 1980s in China. In Naked Marriage, loving partners get united without solid material foundation. It typically bears the characteristics of “no house”, “no car”, “no ring”, and “no ceremony” …

裸捐

裸捐就是把所有的個(gè)人資產(chǎn)全部捐出做慈善，不留一分錢(qián)給自己的子女和親人。世界最著名的裸捐者是比爾·蓋茨，他在從微軟總裁的位置上退下后，將自己名下的580億美元全部捐給梅林達(dá)·蓋茨基金會(huì)，分文沒(méi)給子女。

“裸捐”有專門(mén)對(duì)應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)詞匯，即all-out donation (全部捐獻(xiàn))，但漢語(yǔ)稱之為“裸捐”似乎更為形象，那么，“裸捐”是否可以譯成naked donation呢？通過(guò)搜索引擎可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，英語(yǔ)媒體中很少有使用這一概念的，即使有，也多是中國(guó)媒體使用的，比如China Daily的報(bào)道：

Liu Chuanzhi, founder of Lenovo, believes reinvestment of profits into China’s developing businesses is the right thing to do at this stage of China’s growth. “Naked donation”—a term the Chinese press adopted to describe a total commitment to philanthropy—is not a timely concept in his opinion.

雖然西方媒體很少使用，但這種直譯加解釋的翻譯方法還是可以達(dá)意的。